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Lists and Matrices

Lists represent ordered collections of values. They can be declared with a specific type (lista<entero>) or without a type (lista).

Declaration

// Typed list
lista<texto> nombres = ["Ana", "Carlos", "Maria"]
lista<entero> numeros = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]

// Untyped list (can contain any type)
lista mixta = [1, "dos", verdadero, 3.14]

// Empty list
lista<entero> vacia = []

Lists are immutable unless indicated as variables with var.

lista<entero> var numeros = [3, 1, 4]
numeros.agregar(2)  // Now: [3, 1, 4, 2]

Element Access

Positive indices start at 0.
Negative indices access from the end (-1 is the last element).

lista<texto> frutas = ["manzana", "banana", "cereza"]

texto primera = frutas[0]    // "manzana"
texto ultima = frutas[-1]    // "cereza"

List Methods

Basic Information

Method	Description	Returns
`longitud()`	Number of elements	`entero`
`esta_vacia()`	Checks if list has no elements	`log`
`contiene(valor)`	Checks for value presence	`log`

Add and Remove Elements

Method	Description
`agregar(valor)`	Insert at end
`insertar(indice, valor)`	Insert at specific position
`remover(valor)`	Remove first occurrence
`quitar_en(indice)`	Remove and return element at position
`limpiar()`	Empty the list

Search

Method	Description	Returns
`buscar(valor)`	Position of first match	`entero` (-1 if not found)
`buscar_ultimo(valor)`	Position of last match	`entero`
`contar(valor)`	Number of occurrences	`entero`

Sorting

Method	Description	Modifies Original
`ordenar()`	Sort ascending	Yes
`ordenar_descendente()`	Sort descending	Yes
`ordenado()`	Return sorted copy	No
`invertir()`	Reverse order	Yes

Numeric Operations

Method	Description
`sumar()`	Sum all elements
`promedio()`	Calculate average
`maximo()`	Get maximum value
`minimo()`	Get minimum value

Combining Lists

Method	Description
`concatenar(otra)`	Returns new combined list
`extender(otra)`	Adds elements from another list
`unir(delimitador)`	Concatenates elements as text

Multidimensional Matrices

Matrices are lists of lists, allowing multidimensional data structures.

lista<lista<entero>> matriz_2d = [
    [1, 2, 3],
    [4, 5, 6],
    [7, 8, 9]
]

// Access elements
entero valor = matriz_2d[1][2]  // 6 (row 1, column 2)

`rango` Function

Generates lists of consecutive integers.

lista<entero> del_cero = rango(5)     // [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]
lista<entero> del_dos = rango(2, 7)   // [2, 3, 4, 5, 6]